Operations research approaches for improving coordination, cooperation, and collaboration in humanitarian relief chains: A framework and literature review

Given the considerable number of actors in the humanitarian space, coordination is essential for successful disaster response. Furthermore, the sheer size of challenges and limited resources increasingly highlight the need for improved cooperation and collaboration in humanitarian supply chains. A significant number of studies in the literature explore the 3Cs (coordination, cooperation and collaboration), using conceptual, empirical and analytical methods. This paper aims to provide an overview and analysis of the Operations Research (OR) approaches that support decision making for improved 3Cs in humanitarian relief chains and to identify future research directions. To achieve this aim, we first present a holistic view of the discussions in the literature and derive a conceptual framework for 3C mechanisms in humanitarian operations. Based on our framework, we analyse studies that develop OR methods to address the design and management of 3C mechanisms in humanitarian relief chains. We also identify current gaps and future research directions.