Design of an eco-friendly perovskite Au/NiO/FASnI3/ZnO0.25S0.75/FTO, device structure for solar cell applications using SCAPS-1D

Formamidinium Tin Iodide (FASnI3) based perovskite solar cells (PSC) have captured the interest of scientific community because of wide bandgap and good thermal stability, but limited power conversion efficiency (PCE) restricts their extensive adaptation. Here, we present the design of a FASnI3 active layer-based PSC with Nickel oxide (NiO) as Hole Transport Layer (HTL) & Zinc Oxy-Sulphide (ZnO0.25S0.75) as the Electron Transport Layer (ETL). The proposed Au/NiO/FASnI3/ZnO0.25S0.75/FTO, device structure is investigated using SCAPS-1D solar cell capacitance simulator. The performance parameters of proposed solar cells device structure are investigated with variations in active layer (FASnI3) thickness, defect density & doping concentration; and variations of NiO HTL & ZnO0.25S0.75 ETL thickness, electron affinity & doping concentration to obtain higher performance. Moreover, the influence of series & shunt resistance, and temperature on the performance parameters of proposed solar cell device structure is inspected. The proposed Au/NiO/FASnI3/ZnO0.25S0.75/FTO, device structure revealed excellent solar cell performance parameters such as low short-circuit current density (Jsc) of ∼28.35 mA/cm2, high Fill Factor (FF) of ∼89.64%, reasonable open-circuit voltage (Voc) of ∼1.2419 V, & admirable PCE of ∼31.57%, suitable for lead-free and eco-friendly solar cell device applications.