Impact of viscoelastic drop on a deep viscoelastic liquid pool

The present study examines the viscoelastic drop impact on a deep pool of viscoelastic material, focusing on how viscoelasticity influences the crater formation, jet height, and droplet breakup. The numerical simulations were performed using an open-source software Basilisk, which entails solving the momentum equations of incompressible flow with viscoelastic constitutive laws, employing the finite volume method and the volume of fluid technique to track the free surface of the liquid. The Oldroyd-B model is applied as the constitutive equation for the viscoelastic phase. The study reveals that increasing the viscosity ratio, which is defined as the ratio of viscosity of the polymeric solute to the viscosity of solution, stabilizes droplet breakup and reduces jet height. An increase in the Weissenberg number stabilizes breakup at low to moderate Weissenberg number values but destabilizes it at higher values. The jet height decreases with increasing Weissenberg number for low Weissenberg number values but increases if the Weissenberg number is high. The crater and crown are unaffected by viscoelastic effects. Breakup time is significantly increased, and a drop-on-filament structure is observed in viscoelastic fluids, which is not seen in Newtonian fluids. The size of the daughter droplet formed is significantly larger than in the case of Newtonian fluids.