Polysaccharides: Sources, Mechanisms Associated and Therapeutic Potential for Neuropathy

Abstract: Neuropathy is a disorder defined by injury or dysfunction of the peripheral nerves, which causes a variety of symptoms, including pain, numbness, and weakness. Diabetes, autoimmune illnesses, infections, and chemotherapy are some of the possible underlying reasons. Polysaccharides, complex carbohydrates derived from diverse natural sources such as plants, fungi, algae, and microbes, have garnered a significant role for their multifaceted biological activities that have been shown in humans, such as the ability to bind nuclear receptors, control inflammation, and scavenge radicals and antioxidants. These properties make polysaccharides a potential therapeutic option for preventing and managing neuropathy. Many polysaccharides possess strong antioxidant properties, which can help protect neurons from oxidative stress. Moreover, they have a broad variety of biological actions, including antibacterial and anticancer properties, as well as preventive effects against neurological illnesses, including neuropathy, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease. Because of their diverse spectrum of biological functions, they have drawn a lot of attention for their potential as therapeutics, including nerve regeneration and repair, neuroprotective, antioxidants, and reducing inflammation. Several studies have emphasized the significant potential of polysaccharides for enhancing nerve regeneration. This review investigates numerous natural sources of polysaccharides, the mechanism of action, and their therapeutic potential for neuroprotective or neuropathy management, offering insights into their potential role in enhancing patient outcomes and quality of life. This review also underscores the therapeutic potential of polysaccharides as adjunct or alternative agents in neuropathy management and advocates for further clinical validation and mechanistic investigations.