TPP-coated Mo-doped W 18 O 49 biodegradable nanomaterials with mitochondria-targeting and pH-responsive properties for synergistic photothermal therapy/chemodynamic therapy/chemotherapy

experiments validated its outstanding photothermal performance, robust ˙OH generation, and biodegradability, showcasing a promising approach for precise cancer therapy with minimal off-target effects. This multifunctional platform addresses critical gaps in current nanomedicine, offering a transformative strategy for clinical translation.