A wind speed forcasting model based on rime optimization based VMD and multi-headed self-attention-LSTM

Due to the nonlinearity, fluctuation, and intermittency of wind speed, its accurate prediction is essential for improving efficiency in wind power operation systems. In this regard, a hybrid model that combines the rime optimization algorithm (RIME), variational mode decomposition (VMD), multi-headed self-attention (MSA) mechanism and long short-term memory (LSTM) is proposed for wind speed prediction. First, the number of modes and VMD penalty parameter are optimized with RIME, the optimized parameters are brought into the VMD to decompose the raw wind speeds, and a Lagrange multiplier and quadratic penalty function are introduced to obtain the input series. Then, a LSTM short-term wind speed prediction model is constructed based on the MSA mechanism and solved for the hidden states and weights of each layer of attention in the model. Finally, a ReLU activation function is used to activate the hidden states of the LSTM model, and a weighted sum vector is used as the final sequence representation, which is inputted to the output layer for specific prediction to obtain the short-term wind speed prediction results. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed model, wind speed data from four wind farms in Ningxia, China, and two sets of wind speed data from an M2 tower in the USA are selected, and 19 models are built to compare the performance of the proposed model. The results show that the proposed model outperforms other models on all datasets in terms of all five performance metrics, with smaller errors and higher prediction accuracy.