Redox and detox: Malate shuttle metabolism keeps exhausted T cells fit

The malate shuttle is known to maintain the balance of NAD+/NADH between the cytosol and mitochondria. However, in Tex cells, it primarily detoxifies ammonia (via GOT1-mediated production of 2-KG in an atypical reaction) and provides longevity to chronic-infection-induced Tex cells against ammonia-induced cell death. The malate shuttle is known to maintain the balance of NAD+/NADH between the cytosol and mitochondria. However, in Tex cells, it primarily detoxifies ammonia (via GOT1-mediated production of 2-KG in an atypical reaction) and provides longevity to chronic-infection-induced Tex cells against ammonia-induced cell death.