Analysis of the Predictive Effect of Cardiac Color Doppler Ultrasound Combined With Carotid Ultrasound on Major Adverse Cardiac Events Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

ABSTRACT Purpose This study sought to investigate the predictive effect of combining cardiac color Doppler ultrasound and carotid ultrasound for major adverse cardiac events (MACE) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 475 coronary heart disease (CHD) patients who underwent PCI between May 2021 and April 2024. Cardiac ultrasound parameters (left atrial diameter [LAD], left ventricular diameter in diastole [LVDd]) and carotid ultrasound metrics (plaque score, intima‐media thickness [IMT], total plaque area [TPA], and gray scale median [GSM]) were collected within 48 h post‐PCI. Patients were monitored for a 12‐month period to record MACE incidence. After 12 months of follow‐up, patients were assigned to a Without MACE group ( n = 324) and a With MACE group ( n = 151). Correlation and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify predictors, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves evaluated predictive accuracy. Results Among 151 patients (31.8%) who experienced MACE, significant predictors included diabetes requiring medication (OR = 1.80, p = 0.039), prior myocardial infarction (OR = 1.93, p = 0.009), elevated discharge heart rate (OR = 1.10, p = 0.013), Charlson Comorbidity Index (OR = 1.60, p = 0.002), maximum left ventricular thickness (OR = 1.181, p = 0.003), higher Tei index (OR = 1.386, p = 0.001), plaque score (OR = 5.032, p = 0.001), carotid IMT (OR = 2.216, p = 0.002), and TPA (OR = 1.039, p = 0.016). Protective factors included beta‐blocker use (OR = 0.468, p = 0.027), higher LVEF (OR = 0.957, p = 0.009), and higher GSM (OR = 0.894, p = 0.045). The combined ultrasound model achieved an AUC of 0.833, demonstrating robust predictive accuracy. Conclusion Cardiac color Doppler ultrasound combined with carotid ultrasound effectively predicts post‐PCI MACE by integrating cardiac function and atherosclerotic plaque characteristics. These non‐invasive imaging tools offer a valuable framework for early risk assessment and personalized treatment strategies in CHD patients following PCI.