First report on the chemical composition of volatile compounds in the essential oils and aromas of Senega adenophora , Senega appressa , and Senega longicaulis (Polygalaceae)

This study presents a comprehensive chemical analysis of the essential oil isolated from Senega longicaulis, and aroma analysis of Senega adenophora and Senega appressa, employing both fresh and dried samples. Notable differences were observed between the fresh and dried samples of essential oil from S. longicaulis. In the fresh sample, the predominant compounds were (E,E)-geranyl linalool (33.21%) and dendrolasin (19.64%), whereas in the dried sample, (E,E)-geranyl linalool increased to 39.19% and dendrolasin to 18.83%. The oxygenated sesquiterpenes were found to be more abundant in the dried sample (81.52%) than in the fresh sample (69.96%). In the case of S. adenophora and S. appressa, the aroma analysis indicated that β-elemene (49.05%) and methyl salicylate (31.13%), respectively, were the primary compounds present in the fresh samples. These findings illustrate how the drying process has the effect of intensifying certain chemical components in the samples of S. longicaulis.