Properties of NaPF6 electrolytes and effect of electrolyte concentration on performance in sodium-ion batteries

Sodium-ion batteries offer improved sustainability over lithium-ion batteries, the benchmark electrolyte being 1 M NaPF₆ in carbonate-based solvents. This work investigates the properties of different electrolyte concentrations, finding that 1 M NaPF₆ offers the highest bulk conductivity. However, lower concentrations give comparable cycling performance in sodium-ion coin cells.