Predisposition and precipitation factors of non-suicidal self-injury behaviors among adolescents

Abstract Objective Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a mental health problem that often occurs in adolescents in Indonesia. Even though NSSI does not have the intention of suicide, some cases result in death. This research aimed to identify the predisposition and precipitation factors associated with the dynamics of NSSI behaviors among adolescents. Methods This research is an explanatory research design with a cross-sectional study. Out of 4000 students, 904 students from State High School and Vocational School in Central Java Province were selected as respondents using non-probability sampling and a purposive sampling approach. This research was carried out using Google Forms from September to November 2023. The instrument used was the Self-Harm Inventory (SHI). Data analysis in this study used the chi-squared test. Results The results of this study indicate that the most significant predisposition factors of NSSI behaviors experienced by respondents in this study are introverted personality and the environment that supports NSSI behaviors. In contrast, the precipitation factors are bullying and deep disappointment. Otherwise, based on the data analysis, the maladaptive coping mechanism ( P -value = 0.029) has become a predisposition factor related to the dynamics of NSSI behaviors. In contrast, bullying ( P -value = 0.000) and deep disappointment ( P -value = 0.000) still become precipitation factors related to the dynamics of NSSI behaviors. Conclusions The results of this study can be evidence-based for stakeholders to provide interventions, especially for the vulnerable population affected by NSSI behaviors.