Simple and Scalable Introduction of Single-Atom Mn on RuO2 Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction with Long-Term Activity and Stability

with a voltage of 1.69 V (Nafion 212 membrane) for proton-exchange membrane water electrolysis, and 1.84 V (UTP 220 diaphragm) for alkaline water electrolysis, exhibiting low degradation and verifying its substantial potential for practical applications.