X-ray-Irradiation-Induced Discoloration and Persistent Radioluminescence for Reversible Dual-Mode Imaging and Detection Applications

The combination of X-ray-irradiation-induced photochromism and persistent radioluminescence in a single material presents an exciting avenue for multi-functional applications such as optical memory, anti-counterfeiting, and X-ray detection and imaging. However, developing such a material remains a significant challenge. Here, a white Ba3MgSi2O8:Mn2+ photochromic phosphor was prepared, exhibiting a white-to-orange color change (>20 h for bright field) and good persistent radioluminescence emission (>90 min for dark field) in response to X-ray radiation. The photochromic phosphor also demonstrated accelerated bleaching and recovery after 14 min of 254 nm UV light stimulation. This Ba3MgSi2O8:Mn2+-based flexible film displayed simultaneous reversible photochromism and recoverable persistent luminescence, providing dual-mode X-ray imaging and detection capabilities, as well as good reproducibility and read/write erasability. This study suggests that combining X-ray-induced photochromism and persistent radioluminescence in a single material is a promising approach to design advanced photonic materials for information security, cryptography, and smart anti-counterfeiting applications.