Renewable energy-to-green hydrogen: A review of main resources routes, processes and evaluation

Hydrogen is a fuel with enormous potential to meet the need for ecologically friendly energy sources. Hydrogen from renewable sources can reroute renewable sources out of landfills and other expensive treatments. Despite this, several renewables-to-hydrogen methods are generally in their infancy and need substantial work to be recognised as a crucial aspect of the approach to sustainability. This analysis reviews renewables-to-hydrogen technologies extensively from technical, economic, ecological, and social perspectives. Five technologies current states were summarised, emphasising developing developments in published literature. Several information gaps, research directions, opportunities, and potential improvements were also found with efficiency, greenhouse gas emissions, manufacturing costs, hydrogen-based mobility, and public acceptability. Incorporating renewable energy into processes, reducing production costs, and addressing the absence of techno-economic and ecological analyses of renewables-to-hydrogen pathways are the most urgent research requirements identified in this study. The results of this study will help make it easier to use hydrogen in extensive energy facilities in a safe way.