生物炭
根际
化学
磷
环境化学
薄膜中的扩散梯度
生物地球化学循环
农学
生物
金属
有机化学
热解
细菌
遗传学
作者
Hao Chen,Jianchao Yuan,Guanglei Chen,Xu Zhao,Shenqiang Wang,Dengjun Wang,Lei Wang,Yujun Wang,Yu Wang
出处
期刊:Biochar
[Springer Nature]
日期:2022-09-19
卷期号:4 (1)
被引量:6
标识
DOI:10.1007/s42773-022-00178-7
摘要
Abstract Phosphorus (P) availability, diffusion, and resupply processes can be altered by biochar addition in flooded rice rhizosphere, which controls the risk of P release to the environment. However, there are few in-situ investigations of these rhizospheric processes and effects. To explore the effects of biochar addition on soil P availability, high-resolution dialysis (HR-Peeper), diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT), and zymography techniques were used to provide direct evidence in the rice rhizosphere at the sub-millimeter scale. Long-term (9-years) field and greenhouse pot experiments demonstrated that biochar addition notably decreased the soluble/labile P and Fe concentrations in rice rhizosphere (vs. no biochar addition; CK) based on the results of Peeper, DGT, and two-dimensional imaging of labile P fluxes. DGT-induced fluxes in the soil/sediment (DIFS) model and sediment P release risk index (SPRRI) further indicated that biochar addition decreased the diffusion and resupply capacity of P from soil solid to the solution, thereby decreasing P release risk to the environment. These processes were dominated by Fe redox cycling and the hydrolysis of Al (hydro)oxides that greatly increased the unavailable P (Ca-P and residual-P). Additionally, greenhouse pot experiments (without additional biochar) showed that the previous long-term biochar addition significantly increased soil phosphatase activity, due to an adaptive-enhancing response to P decrease in the rhizosphere zone. The in-situ study on the biogeochemical reactions of P in the rice rhizosphere may provide a new and direct perspective to better evaluate the biochar addition and potential benefits to agricultural soils. Graphical Abstract
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