Plasma S100B Level After Acute Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Background and Purpose— We sought to determine plasma S100B level after acute (<24 hours) spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and to study its relation with neurological outcome. Methods— We determined S100B concentration on plasma samples from 78 ICH patients on admission. Clinical (Glasgow Coma Scale and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] scores) and radiological information (ICH and perihematomal edema volumes) were collected at baseline and follow-up visits. Early neurological deterioration, defined as the increase of ≥4 points in the NIHSS score at 48 hours, and unfavorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale >2) at 3 months were also recorded. Results— The median S100B level was higher than our laboratory reference values for healthy controls (103.6 versus 48.5 pg/mL; P <0.001) and a positive correlation was observed between S100B level and baseline ICH volume ( r =0.45; P <0.0001). The median S100B level was higher in patients who deteriorated early (256.8 versus 89.7 pg/mL; P =0.001) and also in patients with an unfavorable outcome (136 versus 75.9 pg/mL; P =0.003). Multivariate analysis showed baseline ICH volume as the best predictor for both early neurological deterioration (odds ratio 15; 95% CI, 2.9 to 76.3) and unfavorable outcome at 3 months (odds ratio 17; 95% CI, 2.0 to 142). Conclusion— Increased S100B level is found after acute spontaneous ICH, in association with a worse early and late evolution, and closely related to initial hematoma volume.