This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Catenanes and Rotaxanes Synthetic Routes to Catenanes and Rotaxanes Aromatic π–π Association Routes to Catenanes and Rotaxanes Preparation and Properties of [2]-Catenanes Multiple Catenanes Switchable Catenanes Other Synthetic Routes to Paraquat-based Catenanes Rotaxane Synthesis Switchable Catenanes Neutral Catenane Assembly Ion Templating Approaches to Redox-switchable Catenanes and Rotaxanes Making More Complex Structures Routes to [n]-Rotaxanes using Olefin Metathesis – Molecular Barcoding Anion-templating Other Approaches to Ion-templating Hydrogen-bonded Assembly of Catenane, Rotaxanes, and Knots Catenane and Knotane Synthesis Routes to Functional Catenanes and Rotaxanes Catenanes and Rotaxanes Derived from Dialkyl Ammonium Salts Cyclodextrin-based Rotaxanes Controlling Motion Molecular Logic Gates Conclusions References