Mitochondrial Biogenesis Is Impaired in Osteoarthritis Chondrocytes but Reversible via Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor γ Coactivator 1α

Mitochondrial biogenesis is deficient in human OA chondrocytes, and this deficiency promotes chondrocyte procatabolic responses. TFAM-mediated activation of the AMPK/SIRT-1/PGC-1α pathway reverses these effects, suggesting translational potential of pharmacologic AMPK activators to limit OA progression.