过剩
物理
费米气体
费米子
热容
凝聚态物理
压缩性
相变
望远镜
状态方程
熵(时间箭头)
热力学
量子力学
电子
作者
Mark Ku,Ariel Sommer,Lawrence Cheuk,Martin Zwierlein
出处
期刊:Science
[American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)]
日期:2012-02-03
卷期号:335 (6068): 563-567
被引量:598
标识
DOI:10.1126/science.1214987
摘要
We have observed the superfluid phase transition in a strongly interacting Fermi gas via high-precision measurements of the local compressibility, density and pressure down to near-zero entropy. Our data completely determine the universal thermodynamics of strongly interacting fermions without any fit or external thermometer. The onset of superfluidity is observed in the compressibility, the chemical potential, the entropy, and the heat capacity. In particular, the heat capacity displays a characteristic lambda-like feature at the critical temperature of $T_c/T_F = 0.167(13)$. This is the first clear thermodynamic signature of the superfluid transition in a spin-balanced atomic Fermi gas. Our measurements provide a benchmark for many-body theories on strongly interacting fermions, relevant for problems ranging from high-temperature superconductivity to the equation of state of neutron stars.
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