Can Fully Vacuum‐Processed Perovskite Solar Cells Follow the Footprint of OLEDs?

ABSTRACT Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have rapidly advanced as a promising photovoltaic technology, achieving certified efficiencies exceeding 27% for single‐junction and 34% for tandem configurations. However, commercialization is hindered by solution‐based fabrication challenges, including solvent toxicity, interlayer damage, and poor large‐area uniformity. This review examines vacuum‐based dry processing as a scalable alternative, drawing parallels with the successful commercialization of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) via vacuum methods. We systematically analyzes dry fabrication of perovskite absorbers, classified by organic‐, inorganic‐, and hybrid‐ cations; charge transport layers, categorized by hole and electron transport layers with organic, inorganic, and hybrid variants; and fully dry‐processed PSCs. Key frameworks include precursor evaporability criteria, in situ stoichiometry control, and sublayer‐templated crystallization for uniform films and stable stacks. Extensive survey tables highlight photovoltaics in terms of their dry‐process methodologies used and resulting performances. This work concludes that by leveraging the multilayer precision and patterning expertise of OLEDs, dry‐processed PSCs offer enhanced reproducibility, environmental safety, and industrial viability, positioning them to overcome current bottlenecks toward widespread deployment.