Resilient Robust MPC for Frequency Control of Power–Gas Coupled Systems under DoS Attacks

As power-to-gas (P2G) penetration in integrated energy systems increases, stronger gas–electric coupling raises challenges for frequency stability, especially under denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. This paper proposes a robust model predictive control (MPC) strategy for secondary frequency regulation that incorporates disturbance prediction, worst-case constraints, and a resilient mechanism to mitigate communication disruptions. A gas–electric system with P2G units is modeled in MATLAB and tested under load fluctuation and DoS scenarios. Results show that the proposed method effectively suppresses frequency deviations, improves regulation performance, and ensures safe P2G operation. Compared with conventional MPC and PI control, it achieves smaller frequency extrema, faster recovery, and stronger resilience against attacks.