A Review of Solid Form Optimization and Oral Drug Delivery Strategies for Protein Kinase Inhibitors

Introduction: Protein kinase inhibitors are significant in cancer therapy. However, their full clinical potential is often limited by poor solubility and low bioavailability. Methods: This review summarizes recent advances in novel solid forms and drug delivery systems for protein kinase inhibitors. It compares their performance in improving solubility, bioavailability, and overall formulation efficacy. Furthermore, it discusses the structural characteristics of these systems, highlights current technical challenges, and outlines future prospects in solubility-enhancement strategies. Results: The newly developed solid forms of protein kinase inhibitors have shown notable improvements in solubility, stability, and dissolution rates. At the same time, advanced drug delivery systems have demonstrated greater bioavailability, targeted delivery, and controlled release, resulting in improved therapeutic efficacy. Discussion: Novel solid forms and drug delivery systems have shown great advantages, but face limitations that hinder their clinical application. Their progression remains restricted due to factors such as stability issues, unclear formation mechanisms, and potential carrier-related toxicity. An integrated strategy combining solid forms with advanced delivery platforms, supported by computational approaches, may help overcome these barriers. Conclusion: This review combines recent advances in solid-state optimization and drug-delivery strategies for protein kinase inhibitors, highlighting their roles in formulation development. It emphasizes the need for an integrated perspective to guide future work from laboratory discovery towards clinical application.