O-vacancy and PANI dual-modified titanium dioxide for fast sodium storage

An O-vacancy- and polyaniline (PANI) dual-modified TiO 2 anode (TiO 2 -OV@PANI) was designed for fast sodium storage. Both the O-vacancy and PANI enhance the kinetics, enabling TiO 2 -OV@PANI to exhibit high discharge capacity and stable cycling ability.