Esophageal intramucosal hematoma after peripheral blood stem cell transplantation: case report and review of literature.

Esophageal complications occur after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). There are, however, only limited reports on the etiology or management of esophageal complications. Here, we report the occurrence of intramucosal hematoma presenting continuous esophageal hemorrhage in a 34 year-old man following the second peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia. His hematemesis started 2 months after HSCT and was repeated in supportive care. On day 156, he underwent total esophagectomy as a result of uncontrollable massive hematemesis. Histopathological testings of the resected esophagus confirmed intramucosal hematoma as a cause of hematemesis. This case highlights intramucosal hematoma as one of the important etiologies of esophageal complications following HSCT.