Systems Biology Investigation to Discover Metabolic Biomarkers of Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatic Injury Using Integrated Transcriptomics and Metabolomics

Background: Drug-induced hepatotoxicity is one of the major reasons for drug recall and hence it is of major concern to the FDA and consumers. Overdose of acetaminophen (APAP) can cause acute hepatic injury. The current clinical biomarkers of liver injury are insufficient in predicting the extent of injury; thus novel biomarkers are needed to integrate with the current biomarkers for better risk assessment during drug development and clinical use.