Uric acid as the end-product of purine metabolism in human body is excreted through kidney. If the production of uric acid surpasses the level that excreted by kidney, the serum level of uric acid will increase and hyperuricemia will occur. Hyperuricemia is associated with the development and progression of gout, cardiovascular diseases, tumor lysis syndrome and renal disease. Therefore, clinical significance of serum uric acid was summarized in this article.