Sustainable management of coffee industry by-products and value addition—A review

Coffee is one of the popular beverages of the world and second largest traded commodity after petroleum. Coffee is cultivated in about 80 countries across the globe and entangles huge business worldwide. Coffee dispensation requires an elevated degree of processing know how and produces large amounts of processing by-products such as coffee pulp and husk, which have limited applications such as fertilizer, livestock feed, compost and such others. Biotechnological applications in the field of industrial residues management promote sustainable development of country's economy. The objectives pertaining to food processing by-products, waste and effluents include the recovery of fine chemicals and production of precious metabolites via chemical and biotechnological processes. Pre-treatments, followed by recovery procedures endow value-added products (natural antioxidants, vitamins, enzymes, cellulose, starch, lipids, proteins, pigments) of high significance to the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. With the background of high crop production in the upcoming years, there is an imperative need to counterpart this production with some utilization and industrial application of coffee by-products since coffee industry emerges enormous amounts of coffee by-products which are thriving nutrient resources. The present review highlights explorations of value addition to coffee by-products which can be achieved with valorization strategy, integration of techniques and applications of bioengineering principles in food processing and waste management and secondly conserve environment with disposal problem accelerating both ecological and economical resources.