Output-based high-order bipartite consensus under directed antagonistic networks

In the presence of negative weights in communication graph, bipartite consensus is an extension of the traditional consensus problems where the communication weights are all positive. An output-based distributed control protocol is established to solve the bipartite consensus of the homogeneous multi-agent systems. Bipartite consensus problem is equivalent to a linear stabilizable and detectable problem by introducing a gauge transformation. If the multi-agent systems can reach the bipartite consensus, then the signed digraph should be structurally balanced and contains a spanning tree. Finally, the implementation provides three cases to validate the effectiveness of our developed criteria.