Onset condition of pulsating cone-jet mode of electrohydrodynamic jetting for plane, hole, and pin type electrodes

In this work, electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jetting phenomena were observed for three different types of bottom electrode (plane, hole, pin) at constant back pressure condition of the reservoir. Especially, we have focused on the measurement and numerical prediction of the onset voltage for pulsating Taylor cone jetting, changing glass capillary nozzle diameter (outer diameter: 16–47 μm), hydrostatic back pressure head in the reservoir, and the distance between the nozzle and the bottom electrode to provide design information on the EHD multinozzle head.