Biomimetic and bioinspired membranes: Preparation and application

By imitating the exceptional compositions, structures, formations and functions of biological or natural materials, a myriad of biomimetic and bioinspired membranes have been designed and prepared using cell membrane, lotus, mussel as representative prototypes and biomineralization, bioadhesion, self-assembly as major tools. These membranes have displayed fascinating properties and outstanding performances such as multiple interactions, hierarchical organizations, multiple selective transport mechanisms, superior stability/resistance and distinct adaptability. Meanwhile, these membranes have made tremendous contributions in coping with energy and water stress, environment threats. Biomimetics focuses on the basic science by fundamentally exploring the principles of biological systems, while bioinspiration focuses on the applied engineering by technologically implementing the principles from biological systems. Biomimetics and bioinspiration, as the complementary and interchangeable strategies for sustainable innovation and development of membrane technology, have great implications in exploring membrane materials and intensifying membrane processes. This review will present a brief overview on the prototypes, preparation, application as well as perspective of biomimetic and bioinspired membranes.