Design Strategies of 3D Carbon‐Based Electrodes for Charge/Ion Transport in Lithium Ion Battery and Sodium Ion Battery

Abstract Advanced 3D carbon‐based electrodes have the potential to significantly enhance the energy‐power density of lithium ion batteries and sodium ion batteries, due to their continuous conductive networks, proper porosity distribution, and integrated stable structure. However, it still remains a fundamental scientific challenge to accurately understand the charge/ion transport in 3D carbon‐based electrodes. In this review, the operating mechanism of charge/ion transport in 3D carbon‐based electrodes are comprehended by introducing a useful architectural analogy to provide a physical insight. In order to better understand the relationship between 3D carbon‐based electrode structure and electrode process characteristics, the main design strategies of 3D carbonbased electrodes according to the specific characteristic of pore tortuosity is proposed. Through analysis of 3D carbon electrode architectural models, several key scientific issues and related characterization technologies that are beneficial to improving the charge/ion transport efficiency are also raised. The kinetics difference of ionic transport between Li + and Na + ions is also taken into account. Furthermore, the critical parameters of porous structure including porosity and tortuosity to investigate the parameter‐structure‐performance relationships of 3D carbon‐based architecture electrodes are highlighted, which in turn would guide more rational battery design in tradeoff between the high capacity and fast transport.