时序
表土
环境科学
氮气循环
杉木
垃圾箱
矿化(土壤科学)
土壤水分
农学
动物科学
氮气
生态系统
森林生态学
化学
土壤肥力
生态学
植物
生物
有机化学
作者
Qi Xia,Liang Chen,Wenhua Xiang,Shuai Ouyang,Wenhua Xiang,Pifeng Lei,Wei Xiao,Shenggong Li,Lixiong Zeng,Yakov Kuzyakov
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118643
摘要
Soil nitrogen (N) is frequently limiting forest productivity, especially in plantations. To investigate the soil N dynamics and the consequences of N accumulation as well as the losses in the ecosystem, we studied a chronosequence of Chinese-fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata [Lamb.] Hook) plantations with stands aged 3, 16, 25, 32, and >80 years. Total N (TN), dissolved organic N (DON), microbial biomass N (MBN) and mineral N (i.e., ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−)) in the top 0–5 cm and 5–15 cm soils were compared with the annual N accumulation by trees, annual litter N return and microbial N transformation rates. Stronger changes with stand age were observed in all N forms in the top 5 cm compared to the 5–15 cm layer. Topsoil TN and DON increased steadily in stands from ages 3- to >80-years-old by 1.9-times and 2.1-times, respectively. MBN increased from 206 mg kg−1 to 327 mg kg−1 in the first 25 years and stabilized thereafter. NH4+ content increased sharply from 3 to 16 years and then stabilized, while NO3− increased linearly with stand age. Both N demand of Chinese-fir and litter N input were clearly age dependent and defined the soil N status: rapid tree biomass accumulation in younger stands greatly depleted soil N, while the older stands with larger litter return and slower growth enabled N re-accumulation in the topsoil. The close positive correlation between total mineral N and gross mineralization rate, as well as between NO3− and gross nitrification rate indicated that the mineralization of soil organic matter and the nitrification of released NH4+ were the two primary microbial processes controlling the available N supply. The topsoil NO3−: NH4+ ratio in older stands (32- and >80 years) was greater than 1.0, and the MBN: (NH4+ + NO3−) ratio was greatly reduced. This indicates that N availability increase and N cycling is accelerated with stands age.
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