蛋白激酶B
无毛
哈卡特
促炎细胞因子
光老化
氧化应激
炎症
化学
IκB激酶
αBκ
基因敲除
细胞生物学
信号转导
磷酸化
癌症研究
NF-κB
细胞凋亡
生物
免疫学
生物化学
体外
遗传学
作者
EunJin Bang,Dae Hyun Kim,Hae Young Chung
出处
期刊:Redox biology
[Elsevier]
日期:2021-08-01
卷期号:44: 102022-102022
被引量:72
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.redox.2021.102022
摘要
Long-term exposure to ultraviolet irradiation to skin leads to deleterious intracellular effects, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and inflammatory responses, causing accelerated skin aging. Previous studies have demonstrated that increased expression and activation of protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) and Akt is observed in keratinocyte proliferation, suggesting their potential regulatory role in skin photoaging. However, the specific underlying molecular mechanism of PAR2 and the Akt/NF-κB/FoxO6-mediated signaling pathway is not clearly defined. In this study, we first used the UVB-irradiated photoaged skin of hairless mice and observed an increase in PAR2 and Gαq expression and PI3-kinase/Akt, NF-κB, and suppressed FoxO6. Consequently, increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines and decreased levels of antioxidant MnSOD was observed. Next, to investigate PAR2-specific roles in inflammation and oxidative stress, we used photoaged hairless mice topically applied with PAR2 antagonist GB83 and photoaged PAR2 knockout mice. PAR2 inhibition and deletion significantly suppressed inflammatory and oxidative stress levels, which were associated with decreased IL-6 and IL-1β levels and increased MnSOD levels, respectively. Furthermore, NF-κB phosphorylation and decreased FoxO6 was reduced by PAR2 inhibition and deletion in vivo. To confirm the in vivo results, we conducted PAR2 knockdown and overexpression in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. In PAR2 knockdown cells by si-PAR2 treatment, it suppressed Akt/NF-κB and increased FoxO6, whereas PAR2 overexpression reversed these effects and subsequently modulated proinflammatory target genes. Collectively, our data define that PAR2 induces oxidative stress and inflammation through Akt-mediated phosphorylation of NF-κB (Ser536) and FoxO6 (Ser184), which could be a critical upstream regulatory mechanism in ROS-mediated inflammatory response.
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