The Effect of 8 Weeks of Pickleball Program on Balance, Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters, and Psychosocial Factors in Older Adult Women: A Single-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial

BACKGROUND: Aging-related neuromuscular decline impairs balance and gait, increasing fall risk. While physical activity can mitigate these effects, adherence to traditional programs remains low. Pickleball was chosen for its moderate intensity, ease of learning, social engagement, and growing popularity among older adults, making it an accessible and enjoyable alternative. This study investigated the effects of an 8-week pickleball program on balance, gait parameters (stride length, velocity, cadence), and social capital in older adult women. METHODS: A single-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted with 36 women aged 60-75 years (mean age: 65.5 ± 4.5). Participants were assigned to an intervention group (n = 20), completing supervised pickleball training three times per week, or a control group (n = 16), continuing routine activities. Balance was assessed using the Mini Balance Evaluation Systems Test, gait via motion capture, and social capital through a validated questionnaire. RESULTS: The intervention group demonstrated significant improvements in Mini Balance Evaluation Systems Test scores (+28.48%, p < .001, d = 2.74), stride length (+5.40%, p = .013, d = 0.54), stride velocity (+13.13%, p = .008, d = 0.67), cadence (+7.19%, p = .006, d = 0.57), and reduced double support duration (-23.80%, p = .003, d = 0.36). Social capital also increased (+12.59%, p = .005, d = 0.71). The control group showed a decline in balance and gait. CONCLUSION: An 8-week pickleball program significantly improved balance, gait, and social engagement in older adult women. Future research should explore long-term effects and compare pickleball with other interventions for fall prevention.