Chemokine/cytokine-releasing biomaterials induce in situ tertiary lymphoid–like structures and enhance antitumor immunity

T cells. Using a mouse model of melanoma, we further show these induced structures can suppress tumor growth by promoting tumor antigen-specific T-cell responses. These findings indicate that chemokine/cytokine-releasing MPs in hydrogel can induce lymphoid structures resembling TLSs, highlighting their potential both as preclinical models for elucidating mechanisms regulating TLS formation and as platforms for therapeutic interventions against tumors.