[Chinese Medical Association guideline for clinical diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer (2023 edition)].

To standardize the prevention and clinical management of lung cancer, improve patients' survival outcomes, and offer professional insight for clinicians, the Oncology Society of Chinese Medical Association has summoned experts from departments of pulmonary medicine, oncology, thoracic surgery, radiotherapy, imaging, and pathology to formulate the Oncology Society of Chinese Medical Association guideline for clinical diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer in China (2023 edition) through consensus meetings. Updates in this edition include 1) cancer screening: deletion of high-risk traits of lung cancer based on epidemiological investigations in the Caucasian population, while preserving features confirmed by research on the Chinese population. Advice on screening institutions is also added to raise awareness of the merits and demerits of lung cancer screening through detailed illustrations. 2) Principles of histopathologic evaluation: characteristics of four types of neuroendocrine tumors (typical carcinoid, atypical carcinoid, large cell carcinoma, and small cell carcinoma) are reviewed. 3) Surgical intervention: more options of resection are available for certain peripheral lesions based on several clinical studies (CALGB140503, JCOG0802, JCOG1211). 4) neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapy: marked improvement in the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving neoadjuvant immunotherapy are reviewed; more options for consolidation immunotherapy after radiochemotherapy have also emerged. 5) Targeted and immune therapy: tyrosine kinase inhibitors of sensitive driver mutations such as EGFR and ALK as well as rare targets such as MET exon 14 skipping, RET fusion, ROS1 fusion, and NTRK fusion have been approved, offering more treatment options for clinicians and patients. Furthermore, multiple immune checkpoint inhibitors have been granted for the treatment of NSCLC and SCLC, resulting in prolonged survival of late-stage lung cancer patients. This guideline is established based on the current availability of domestically approved medications, recommendations of international guidelines, and present clinical practice in China as well as integration of the latest medical evidence of pathology, genetic testing, immune molecular biomarker detection, and treatment methods of lung cancer in recent years, to provide recommendations for professionals in clinical oncology, radiology, laboratory, and rehabilitation.为进一步规范中国肺癌的防治措施、提高肺癌的诊疗水平、改善患者的预后、为各级临床医务人员提供专业的循证医学建议，中华医学会肿瘤学分会组织呼吸内科、肿瘤内科、胸外科、放疗科、影像科和病理科专家，经过共识会议制定了《中华医学会肺癌临床诊疗指南(2023版)》。2023版更新内容包括在筛查部分删除了根据高加索人群流调所确定的肺癌高危人群特征(长期重度吸烟)，保留基于中国人群流调确认的肺癌高危人群特征，并建议筛查机构通过完整的说明及介绍使筛查人群充分了解肺癌筛查的益处和局限性。病理部分在组织标本诊断原则中增加了4种神经内分泌肿瘤(典型类癌、不典型类癌、大细胞神经内分泌癌、小细胞肺癌)的病理特点。在外科部分，根据相关临床研究的结果(CALGB140503、JCOG0802、JCOG1211)，提出了对于部分外周型病灶可有更多的术式选择。在内科部分，更新内容包括免疫新辅助使得早中期非小细胞肺癌患者的预后大幅改善。在中晚期非小细胞肺癌的治疗中，放化疗后的免疫巩固有了更多的选择，晚期非小细胞肺癌常见的敏感突变基因如表皮生长因子受体突变、间变性淋巴瘤激酶融合和少见靶点如MET外显子14跳跃突变、RET融合、ROS1融合、NTRK融合等都有相应的药物相继获批，使得医师和患者有了更多的选择。此外，多个免疫检查点抑制剂在晚期非小细胞肺癌和小细胞肺癌的治疗中相继获批并写入指南，使得晚期肺癌患者的生存进一步得到了提高。指南以国家批准的应用指征为原则，以国内实际可应用的药品为基础，结合国际指南推荐意见和中国临床实践现状，整合近年来肺癌筛查、诊断、病理、基因检测、免疫分子标志物检测和治疗手段以及随访等诊治方面的最新循证医学证据，旨在为各级临床医师、影像、检验、康复等专业人员提供合理的推荐建议。.