Glutamine‐Based Metabolism Normalization and Oxidative Stress Alleviation by Self‐Assembled Bilirubin/V9302 Nanoparticles for Psoriasis Treatment

Psoriasis is an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by epidermal hyperplasia and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Even though the pathogenesis remains unclear, T helper 17 (Th17) cells-mediated inflammation and keratinocyte-involved proliferation are considered to play key roles during the occurrence and the development of psoriasis. Therefore, suppressing the infiltration/function of Th17 and the abnormal hyperplasia of keratinocytes can be a rational strategy for ameliorating and treating psoriasis. In this study, a self-assembly nanoparticle (BVn) is developed with bilirubin (an endogenous antioxidant) and V9302 (a blocker of ASCT2, an amino acid transporter mediating glutamine influx for providing energy and activating mammalian target of rapamycin [mTOR] pathway) to intervene the local metabolism and alleviate oxidative stress for psoriasis treatment. BVn effectively suppresses inflammatory keratinocyte proliferation and scavenges excess reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the in vivo psoriasis mouse model, BVn shows increased permeation and delayed retention in the psoriatic lesion and reverses the psoriasis-related symptoms, evidenced by the normalized keratinocyte condition and decreased Th17 infiltration/activation. Mechanism study indicates that BVn not only cut off the energy supply but also suppressed cell proliferation or lymph cell expansion by deactivating mTOR pathway, besides alleviated oxidative stress. BVn-based glutamine metabolism modulation strategy offers a promising strategy for psoriasis therapy.