Programmed Remodeling of the Tumor Milieu to Enhance NK Cell Immunotherapy Combined with Chemotherapy for Pancreatic Cancer

Natural killer (NK) cell-based adoptive immunotherapy has demonstrated encouraging therapeutic effects in clinical trials for hematological cancers. However, the effectiveness of treatment for solid tumors remains a challenge due to insufficient recruitment and infiltration of NK cells into tumor tissues. Herein, a programmed nanoremodeler (DAS@P/H/pp) is designed to remodel dense physical stromal barriers and for dysregulation of the chemokine of the tumor environment to enhance the recruitment and infiltration of NK cells in tumors. The DAS@P/H/pp is triggered by the acidic tumor environment, resulting in charge reversal and subsequent hyaluronidase (HAase) release. HAase effectively degrades the extracellular matrix, promoting the delivery of immunoregulatory molecules and chemotherapy drugs into deep tumor tissues. In mouse models of pancreatic cancer, this nanomediated strategy for the programmed remodeling of the tumor microenvironment significantly boosts the recruitment of NK92 cells and their tumor cell-killing capabilities under the supervision of multiplexed near-infrared-II fluorescence.