Serum fibroblast growth factor 23 concentration and the risk of mortality in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis

Background: Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a phosphate-regulating hormone that is secreted in large amounts early in chronic kidney disease. In this cohort, we aimed to investigate the association between serum FGF23 concentration and mortality in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). Methods: Serum FGF23 level was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in a large 15-year prospective cohort study of PD patients with stored serum samples at baseline. Kaplan–Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazards models were performed to characterise the relationship of FGF23 with mortality. Results: A total of 737 incident PD patients were analysed. The baseline median FGF23 concentration was 683.2 (518.5–896.2) pg/mL. Age, serum phosphorus, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were independently correlated with serum FGF23 concentration. During a median follow-up of 66.7 (41.1–95.4) months, 171 of the 737 participants (23.2%) died, including 84 (49.1%) cardiovascular disease-related and 50 (29.2%) infection-related deaths. Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that the adjusted hazard ratios of the highest tertile of serum FGF23 compared with those in the lowest tertile were 1.36 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.89–2.07; p = 0.154), 0.75 (95% CI: 0.40–1.38; p = 0.353) and 2.66 (95% CI: 1.15–6.15; p = 0.022) for all-cause, cardiovascular disease-related and infection-related mortality, respectively. Conclusion: High serum FGF23 concentration is associated with a higher risk of infection-related death for incident PD patients.