Typhoon Chan-Hom (2015) induced sediment cross-shore transport in the mud depo-center of the East China Sea inner shelf

The erosion, transport, and deposition processes of sediments that are influenced by typhoons are significant constituents of the sedimentary source-sink processes in marginal seas. Nevertheless, the genesis of storm deposit layers in the continental shelf and their subsequent development and preservation after typhoons have not been comprehensively investigated. In this study, we have conducted a systematic investigation of the processes related to sediment transport and deposition, which were primarily induced by Typhoon Chan-Hom, and analyzed the evolution and preservation of storm deposits utilizing grain-size analysis, radionuclides (137Cs, 210Pbex and 7Be), and organic geochemistry (TOC, TN and δ13C). Sedimentary 137Cs, 210Pbex, and 7Be inventories measured three days after the typhoon suggest that the sediments in the water depth < 30 m were eroded, resuspended, and then transported offshore to deposit in the deeper areas (water depth > 50 m) of the Muddy Deposition Center of Zhejiang-Fujian Coast (MDC-ZFC), resulting in the formation of significant storm deposits (thickness of 8–16 cm) with high 210Pbex and 7Be. In addition to sediment transport, the offshore area also received organic matter generated by typhoon-induced phytoplankton blooms. Hence, in the present study area, the features of marine organic matter that possess high total organic carbon (TOC) content (>0.4%), low carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio (<7.5), and high δ13C value (> − 22‰) are crucial for identifying the storm deposit formed by cross-shore sediment transportation. In contrast, the commonly used indicators for identifying typhoon sedimentary records that rely on grain-size coarsening are not suitable for identifying storm deposits at the MDC-ZFC edge due to the influence of relict sands. Furthermore, the radionuclides and organic geochemical signals of the sediments revealed that no significant disturbance or transport of the storm sediments occurred three weeks after the passage of Typhoon Chan-Hom due to the high water depth, indicating that these storm deposits could be effectively preserved in this area. This study provides a valuable basis and reference for accurately identifying and interpreting typhoon sedimentary records in the MDC-ZFC.