BrainDAS: Structure-aware domain adaptation network for multi-site brain network analysis

In the medical field, datasets are mostly integrated across sites due to difficult data acquisition and insufficient data at a single site. The domain shift problem caused by the heterogeneous distribution among multi-site data makes autism spectrum disorder (ASD) hard to identify. Recently, domain adaptation has received considerable attention as a promising solution. However, domain adaptation on graph data like brain networks has not been fully studied. It faces two major challenges: (1) complex graph structure; and (2) multiple source domains. To overcome the issues, we propose an end-to-end structure-aware domain adaptation framework for brain network analysis (BrainDAS) using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). The proposed approach contains two stages: supervision-guided multi-site graph domain adaptation with dynamic kernel generation and graph classification with attention-based graph pooling. We evaluate our BrainDAS on a public dataset provided by Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) which includes 871 subjects from 17 different sites, surpassing state-of-the-art algorithms in several different evaluation settings. Furthermore, our promising results demonstrate the interpretability and generalization of the proposed method. Our code is available at https://github.com/songruoxian/BrainDAS.