Passenger Emergency Evacuation in Subway Station Systems: A Bibliometric Analysis and Systematic Review

The efficient and safe evacuation of passengers is an important foundation for ensuring the service level of subway stations and an important part of promoting the development of smart urban rail. Due to the complex structure of stations, strong heterogeneity of passenger flow, and high uncertainty of road interruption in emergencies, passenger evacuation dynamics have received widespread attention and become an inevitable research trend. In order to deeply understand the current research focus and development trend related to emergency evacuation of passengers in subway stations, 196 relevant published literature from 2000 to 2023 are analyzed, and a systematic review is provided. The publication trend of literature, the distribution of countries and institutions, the co-occurrence of keywords, and the types of evacuation are comprehensively reviewed from the perspective of bibliometrics. It can be observed that the number of literature related to passenger evacuation in subway stations has shown explosive growth, especially in the past three years. Special attentions are paid to the current main research hot spots, where passenger evacuation behavior is studied from multiple dimensions, including passenger evacuation dynamics modeling, evacuation simulation, evacuation behavior analysis, and evacuation optimization. Challenges restricting the improvement of passenger emergency evacuation capability are identified, and corresponding possible research directions are proposed and discussed.