One-step synthesis of Janus hydrogel via heterogeneous distribution of sodium α-linoleate driven by surfactant self-aggregation

) being 21 times stronger than the bottom side, also an excellent elongation rate. Through comprehensive experiments, including chemical composition, surface morphology, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we thoroughly investigate the mechanisms of the hydrogel's heterogeneous adhesion. This study presents an easy, efficient, and innovative method for preparing one-sided adhesive hydrogels.