Application of porous composites in antibacterial field

With the overuse or abuse of antibiotics, drug-resistant bacteria increase rapidly. It is urgent to develop effective antimicrobial agents to overcome the problem of drug-resistant bacteria. At present, there has been a huge academic focus on the development of nanomaterials with broad-spectrum antibacterial ability to fight drug-resistant bacteria. Moreover, the porous materials play a unique role in loading various antibacterial materials. In this review, the recent research progresses of porous materials for antibacterial application are discussed according to the classification of microporous (zeolites, MOFs, COFs, CMPs), mesoporous (mesoporous silica nanomaterials, non-silicon-based mesoporous materials) and macroporous materials. Besides, the antibacterial mechanisms of porous materials and their challenges and outlook for future applications are also discussed in this review. The antibacterial focus and expectations for the future of these porous materials are summarized to facilitate the development of porous material manufacturing techniques and fight bacterial infections.