[Analysis of changes in reporting and diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis among children in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province from 2019 to 2021].

Objective: To compare the characteristics of children's pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases reported from 2019 to 2021 before and during the implementation of the Action Plan to Stop Tuberculosis. Methods: Based on the reported incidence data and population data of child pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) notified to the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Tuberculosis Information Management System (TBIMS) from 2019 to 2021, the population information and clinically relevant information in different years were compared. Results: From 2019 to 2021, the reported cases of PTB in children were 363, 664 and 655, respectively. The number of reported cases increased significantly. The median age of the cases in children increased from 10.4 years in 2019 to 11.7 years in 2021 (P=0.005) over a three-year period. The etiological positive rate increased significantly from 11.6% (42/363) in 2019 to 32.2% (211/655) in 2021 (P<0.001). The positive rate of molecular testing increased most significantly, which became the main means of etiological detection and accounted for 16.7% (7/42), 62.0% (57/92) and 75.4% (159/211) of the children with positive etiological results, respectively. The resistance rates of isoniazid and rifampicin were analyzed in children with PTB who underwent drug sensitivity tests. The results showed that the resistance rates of isoniazid and/or rifampicin were 2/9, 3.9% (2/51) and 6.7% (11/163), respectively, with an average of 6.7% (15/223) over three years. The median patients' delay was 27 (12, 49) days in 2019. It was reduced to 19 (10, 37) days in 2020 and 15 (7, 34) days in 2021, both significantly lower than 2019 (P=0.009 and 0.000 2, respectively). Conclusion: From 2019 to 2021, the reported numbers of children with PTB and children with positive etiological results increase significantly in Liangshan Prefecture, while the diagnosis delay of patients significantly reduces.目的： 比较《遏制结核病行动计划》实施前和实施期间2019—2021年报告的儿童肺结核病例的特点。 方法： 基于“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”的子系统“结核病管理信息系统”中报告的2019—2021年0~14岁儿童肺结核患者的报告发病数据和人口数据，比较不同年份儿童肺结核的人口基本信息和临床相关信息。 结果： 2019—2021年报告儿童肺结核报告病例数分别为363例、664例、655例。3年间，儿童肺结核病例中位年龄由2019年的10.4岁升高到2021年的11.7岁（P=0.005）。儿童肺结核病例的病原学阳性率显著升高，从2019年的11.6%（42/363）升高到2021年的32.2%（211/655，P<0.001）；其中以分子生物学检测阳性比例升高最为显著，成为病原学检测的主要手段，分子生物学检测阳性者占病原学阳性患儿的比例3年分别为16.7%（7/42），62.0%（57/92）和75.4%（159/211）。在进行了药物敏感性试验的肺结核儿童中分析异烟肼和或利福平的耐药率，结果显示，异烟肼或利福平任一耐药率3年分别为2/9、3.9%（2/51）和6.7%（11/163），平均为6.7%（15/223）。与2019年肺结核儿童就诊延误的间隔天数［27（12，49）d］相比；2020年［19（10，37）d，P=0.009］和2021年［15（7，34）d，P<0.001］均显著降低。 结论： 2019—2021年凉山彝族自治州儿童结核病报告人数、病原学阳性病例数逐年升高，而患者的诊断延误时间大幅度缩减。.