Narrative review of micronutrients and fatty acids in bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common chronic morbidity impacting infants who are born premature. Nutrition plays a pivotal role in lung growth, function, and repair, influencing the risk of developing BPD and outcomes once the diagnosis is established. Micronutrients and fatty acids, in particular, are critical aspects of nutrition management for this population. They modulate lung development, oxidative stress, and inflammation. This narrative review examines the existing literature regarding the relevance of micronutrients and fatty acids in the development of BPD and BPD prevention. Additionally, this review aims to identify current gaps in knowledge and calls for future research.