Enterik Sinir Sisteminde GABA

作者
Sabri Kesim
出处
期刊:Istanbul University - DergiPark [Istanbul University]
卷期号:16 (1)
标识
DOI:10.5835/jecm.v16i1.787
摘要

GABA in Enteric Nervous Systemy-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a well known inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. GABA may be a neurotransmitter in the vertebrate peripheral nervous system, evidence has accumulated demostrating the presence of GABA receptors in the gastrointestinal tract. GABA and its metabolic enzymes (GAD and GABA-T) are present in the myenteric plexus of the enteric nervous system. High affinity GABA uptake in the plexus has been shown by release studies and autoradiography of labelled GABAergic neurons. Both GABAA and GABAB receptor sites on plexus neurons have been established pharmacologically. GABA affects the motility of intestinal preparations mainly by altering the release of acethycholine from intrinsic cholinergic neurons; stimulation of bicuculline sensitive GABAA receptors may increase acethycholine output whereas bicuculline insensitive GABAB receptor stimulation may inhibit acethycholine release.This results are consistent with a significant role played by on intrinsic GABAergic neurons in the enteric nervous system. y-Aminobutirik asid (GABA) memeli santral sinir sisteminde iyi bilinen bir inhibitor nörotransmitter'dir. GABA reseptörlerinin gastrointestinal sistemde varlığının gösterilmesi GABA'nın omurgalı periferik sinir sisteminde bir nörotransmitter olabileceğinin kanıüdır. GABA ve onun metabolik enzimleri [GAD (Glutamik asid dekarboksilaz) ve GABA-T (GABA transaminaz)] enterik sinir sisteminin miyenterik pleksusunda bulunmuştur. Pleksustaki yüksek afiniteli GABA uptake'i işaretli GABAerjik nöronlarda otoradyografik ve salıverilme çalışmaları ile gösterilmiştir. Pleksus nöronlarında hem GABAA hem de GABAB reseptör bölgeleri farmakolojik olarak tanımlanmıştır. GABA, bikukuline duyarlı GABAA reseptörlerini stimüle ederek asetilkolin salıverilmesine neden olurken, bikukuline duyarlı olmayan GABAB reseptörlerini uyararak asetilkolin salıverilmesini inhibe ederek intirinsik kolinerjik nöronlardan asetilkolin salıverilmesini değiştirmek suretiyle barsak preperatlarınm motilitesini etkilemektedir.Bu sonuçlar enterik sinir sisteminde intrinsik GABAerjik nöronların önemli bir rol oynadığını göstermektedir.

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