Brain Training with Neurofeedback

Neurofeedback (NF) is a biofeedback technique that involves providing information to an individual about his or her brain activity in the form of visual, auditory or tactile feedback, updated in real time. The goal of NF training for users is to learn to improve how they regulate certain aspects of their cerebral activity. The clinical and non-clinical applications remains to be proven and properly differentiated from a placebo effect. Currently, the most convincing application of NF is in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children, for which randomized controlled trials (RCT) and an initial set of meta-analyses have been published. Although other biofeedback techniques are based on the activity of the peripheral nervous system NF focuses on the activity of the central nervous system (CNS). This activity can be measured in real time using various non-invasive methods, such as electroencephalography (EEG), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and magnetoencephalography (MEG).