SPR Biosensors: Historical Perspectives and Current Challenges

SPR is a real-time, label-free measurement of binding kinetics and affinity. Success of SPR biosensor is evident by the growing number of commercially available instruments. In the current review, development in plasmon resonance techniques such as SPR, SPR-imaging (microscope, spectroscope, Electrochemical Impedance), nanoplasmonics and microfluidics, membrane proteins: receptor studies, sensors based on polarization and interferometery, PWR, SPR–MS, Signal locked SPR, FOPPR, Mid-IR SPR, trends in protein array technology and point-of-care (POC) testing over last decade are summarized. In addition, advancement over sensor configuration, mechanism and immobilization techniques are also discussed. Advantage and disadvantage of each methodology is provided along with some of the latest accomplishments.