Determining the valence state of manganese ions in complex oxides La1–x Ca x MnO3 (x = 0.5, 0.7, 0.85, and 0.9) based on Mn2p and Mn3s X-ray photoelectron spectra

The valence state of manganese ions in complex oxides La1–x Ca x MnO3 (x = 0.5, 0.7, 0.85, and 0.9) is studied on the basis of Mn2p and Mn3s X-ray photoelectron spectra. It is shown that manganese ions have the valence of Mn3+ and Mn4+ in the studied compounds. The relative Mn3+/Mn4+ content is determined.